A simple, practical and easy-to-follow Introduction to the Health Level 7 ("HL7") Standards. HL7's history, uses and its standards development processes are explained as well as the difference between "V2.x", "V3" and "CDA" ("Clinical Document Architecture") and how the XML standard fits in.
Just as people from different countries with completely different native tongues are only able to communicate with each other if they can speak a common language, computer applications can only share data if they communicate with a common protocol. For people or computers to be able to share clinical information with one another, they must both:
- have functions to be able to physically communicate, e.g. speak & hear, send and receive documents and data files, share data and information. This is called "functional interoperability".
- speak a common language (in terms of nouns, verbs, grammatical structure, etc.) and share the same vocabulary that allows them to understand complex medical conditions and processes. This is called "semantic interoperability".
A group of healthcare computer systems users started developing the HL7 protocol in 1987 to create a common "language" that allows healthcare applications to share clinical data with each another. Over time the HL7 interoperability protocol became a nationally, internationally and globally accepted and accredited standard.
The term "Health Level 7" ("HL7") is used both for the organisations involved in developing and supporting the healthcare standards as well as for the Version 2.x and Version 3 Standards themselves and other standards developed by the HL7 local organisations in ~30 countries. HL7 creates international standards for inter-system and inter-organisation messaging, for decision support, clinical text document mark-up, user interface integration as well as a health data model and a message development methodology.
Health Level 7 V2.x is the most widely implemented health ICT systems interoperability standard. From the first V2.1 systems implementations in 1990, the HL7 Clinical Document Architecture (CDA) to the most recent HL7 FHIR courses, HL7 V2.x is the basis of eHealth interoperability world-wide.
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HL7 Books & eHealth Books we Recommend:
Download the HL7 Standards - CDA, V2.x, V3, Arden Syntax & EHR Functional Model
NEW: Meaningful Use and Beyond: A Guide for IT Staff in Health Care - Are you ready to take your IT skills to the healthcare industry? This concise book explains how the US healthcare system is implementing Electronic Health Records ("EHRs") and other IT systems to comply with the US government’s Meaningful Use requirements. A tremendous opportunity for tens of thousands of IT professionals, the Meaningful Use program requires a complete makeover of archaic paper records systems, cumbersome workflows and other outdated practices. This book describes in detail how hospitals and doctors’ offices differ from other organizations that use IT and explains how to bridge the gap between clinicians and IT staff.
Electronic Health Records For Dummies - a helpful, plain-English guide for doctors, nurses and healthcare administrators to understand, implement and use an Electronic Health Record system.
Health Care Information Systems: A Practical Approach for Health Care Management - the Best Selling textbook in the field. Mark Leavitt, MD, PhD, CCHIT Chairman said "With health care information technology now in the national policy spotlight, this book should be required reading for every health care administrator and student.
The HL7 CDA Book - by eminent expert Keith Boone provides clear and easy-to-use CDA implementation guidance with numerous examples. The reader will learn not only how to implement the CDA standard, but also to understand its idioms and to "speak" the CDA language.
Introduction to HL7 V2.x Messaging (2nd Edition) - the most popular HL7 V2.x Messaging introductory Textbook. Mike Henderson is widely recognized as a most experienced HL7 V2.x teacher and trainer. He regularly teaches at the HL7 Education Summits in the US and co-authors the HL7 V2.x Analyst Certification exams.
HL7 V2.x Messaging Study Guide - the Study Guide to the above Textbook. Both books are considered mandatory reading and study for candidates sitting the HL7 International V2.x Analyst Certification exam.
Verification Results for IT Standards: HL7 - a text focussing on the formal verification of standards in healthcare.
Principles of Health Interoperability HL7 and SNOMED - Healthcare depends on the two leading standards HL7 and SNOMED CT for functional and semantic interoperability. Tim is one of the most experienced teachers of both HL7 V3 and SNOMED CT.
International Standards Online: ISO, ANSI, IEC, IEEE, CSA, BSI, DIN, etc.
- easily and instantly download these popular eHealth Standards!
Managing Health Care Information Systems: A Practical Approach for Health Care Executives - the title says it all!
E-Health Care Information Systems: An Introduction for Students and Professionals - excellent
Browse more HL7 Books and Manuals
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What are HL7's Goals?
HL7 International's Vision is "To create the best and most widely used standards in healthcare". HL7 International's Mission is to provide standards for interoperability that:
- improve care delivery
- optimise workflow
- reduce ambiguity
- enhance knowledge transfer
HL7 has been very successful in achieving these goal - it is the predominant healthcare interoperability standard world-wide.
What does HL7 International do?
A frequent misconception is that Health Level Seven develops software. In reality, HL7 develops specifications, the most widely known being a messaging standard that enables disparate healthcare applications to exchange clinical and administrative data.
Members of Health Level Seven are known collectively as the Working Group, which is organized into Technical Committees (TCs) and Special Interest Groups (SIGs). The technical committees are directly responsible for the content of the Standards. Special interest groups serve as a test bed for exploring new areas that may need coverage in HL7’s published standards. A list of the technical committees and special interest groups as well as their missions, scopes and current leadership is available on the HL7.org web site.
Recent years have seen a move toward an increasingly global HL7. From 9 Affiliates in 1999, HL7 has grown to ~40 international affiliates now. Currently, the worldwide membership is over 4,400. The global scope also involves increased collaboration with other regional and international standards organizations, such as CEN in Europe and the International Standards Organisation (ISO). HL7 has achieved ISO status for its standards and is moving toward harmonization with the CEN standards.
The HL7 organisation has formal relationships with other major Standards Development Organisations (SDOs), including:
- ASTM (American Society for Testing Materials)
- CEN TC/251 (Europe)
- DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine)
- IEEE (Institute for Electrical and Electronic Engineers)
- OASIS
- OMG (Object Management Group)
The full list of organisational relationships and agreements can be viewed here.
All standards and documents produced by HL7 are protected under copyright law (see "Do I need a licence to use HL7" below).
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HL7 Books and Guides
What does the Name "HL7" mean?
"Level Seven" refers to the top level of the seven-layer International Standards Organization's (ISO)
communications model for Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) - the application layer.
The application level addresses definition of the data to be exchanged, the timing of the interchange, and the communication of
certain errors to the application. The seventh level supports such functions as security checks, participant identification,
availability checks, exchange mechanism negotiations and, most importantly, data exchange structuring. (More info on the 7-layer ISO
communications model at:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OSI_model.)
HL7 focuses on the interface requirements of the entire health care organization, while most other efforts focus on the requirements of a particular department. HL7 undertakes ongoing development of protocols on the fastest possible track that is both responsive and responsible to its members. The group addresses the unique requirements of already installed hospital and departmental systems, some of which use mature technologies.
While HL7 focuses on addressing immediate needs, the group continues to dedicate its efforts to ensuring concurrence with other United States and International standards development activities. Argentina, Australia, Bulgaria, Canada, China, Czech Republic, Finland, Germany, India, Japan, Korea, Lithuania, The Netherlands, New Zealand, Southern Africa, Switzerland, Taiwan, Turkey and the United Kingdom are part of HL7 initiatives. Moreover, HL7 is an American National Standards Institute (ANSI) approved Standards Developing Organization (SDO). HL7 strives to identify and support the diverse requirements of each of its membership constituencies: Users, Vendors, and Consultants.
Cognizant of their needs, requirements, priorities and interests, HL7 supports all
groups as they make important contributions to the quality of the organization. The committee structure, balanced balloting
procedures and open
membership policies ensure that all requirements are addressed uniformly and equitably with quality and consistency.
How is HL7 organised?
The organization is managed by a Board of Directors, which is comprised of eight elected positions and three appointed positions.
The organization is comprised of committees (now called "Work Groups") that are responsible for defining the HL7 standard protocol.
Each Work Group is chaired by two or more co-chairs.
The TCs and SIGs are grouped into Steering Divisions, which comprise the Technical Steering
Committee, which votes on issues related to the standard. The Board of Directors has strategic oversight over the TSC.
HL7 members are encouraged to participate in all of these committees.
Who is Health Level Seven International?
Headquartered in Ann Arbor, USA, Health Level Seven is a not-for-profit volunteer organization - like most of the other SDOs. Its members - providers, vendors, payers, consultants, government groups and others who have an interest in the development and advancement of clinical and administrative standards for healthcare - develop the standards. Like all ANSI-accredited SDOs, Health Level Seven adheres to a strict and well-defined set of operating procedures that ensures consensus, openness and balance of interest.
For more information on HL7 International see the "About HL7" page on the HL7.org web site! For answers to frequently asked questions on HL7 (USA), see the "HL7 FAQ" page on the HL7.org web site! View the latest HL7.org Newsletters, the HL7.org Press Releases and the HL7.org Press Release Archive.
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What happens at an HL7.org Working Meeting?
HL7 is organized around Technical Committees (TCs) and Special Interest Groups (SIGs). These committees are responsible for defining the HL7 Standards. TCs are responsible for at least one chapter in one of the HL7 Standards, while SIGs work closely with TCs to ensure that information within their particular domain is considered and represented in the Standards. Two or more co-chairs, who develop meeting agendas and ensure that the work of the group proceeds as scheduled, chair each TC and SIG. The TCs and SIGs are represented in four Steering Divisions which in turn constitutes the Technical Steering Committee (TSC).
You will be able to quickly identify Board and TSC Members at the meeting by the ribbons on their name badges. TC and SIG meetings are held throughout the week, are open to all meeting attendees and are informal in nature, so don't be afraid to simply show up and get involved!
HL7 Mentors and Staff are onsite during the week to help; so don't hesitate to ask should you have any questions.
HL7 offers a very useful First Timers Attendees Orientation which is held both on Sunday evening and on Monday morning. Also, look for the "First Time Attendee" designated lunch tables on Monday and Tuesday to meet with other first-time attendees and seasoned members who have volunteered to help you learn the ropes.
Each day, the HL7 Working Group Meeting begins at 8:30 a.m. with an informative general session for announcements and dissemination of general information such as changes in meeting rooms and/or times. Technical Committees (TC), Special Interest Groups (SIG) and tutorials begin following the general session.
HL7 Working Group Meetings always provide a vast array of educational opportunities. Over 20 tutorials are scheduled for the Working Group Meeting on topics such as Implementing HL7, V2.x, V3, XML, CDA and HL7's Vocabulary initiatives. Please refer to the Working Group Meeting Brochure for course descriptions.
Go
to the First-Timers HL7 web page for info to prepare you for your first
Working Group Meeting experience.
Who is "HL7 Australia"?
HL7 Australia is an open, volunteer-based, not-for-profit organisation that supports the needs of HL7 users in Australia. HL7 Australia is the local HL7 user group and the accredited national affiliate of HL7 Inc. (USA). It has local responsibility for a range of core activities including the distribution and licensing of the HL7 Standards materials, education, user support and certification of professionals and systems. Copies of the HL7 standards can be purchased from HL7 Australia; substantial discounts are available to HL7 Australia Members.
For
more information see the HL7 Australia web site.
What about the HL7 Decision Support Standards?
Ross Martin provides an introduction to the HL7 GELLO (Guideline Expression Language) Standard and recently developed open source implementation tools.
More HL7 Videos at www.HL7.tv:
Do I need a License to use the HL7 Standards?
As HL7 is a not-for-profit public-good organisation (as are its local organisations, the "Affiliates"), its products - the HL7 Standards - are essentially freely available and can be used for free. As such, there are no usage licenses required or license fees payable when using the HL7 Standards to implement interfaces.
In summary:- HL7 is a volunteer, not-for-profit organisation; distribution fees and membership fees support its operation.
- The HL7 Standards can be freely implemented; no licenses or license fees are required.
- The HL7 Standards underlie a strict copyright; unauthorised copying is not permitted.
- Use of the Standards within organisations that are HL7 Members is fine.
- The copying of substantial parts (>10%) of the Standards for commercial or educational purposes requires a license agreement.
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HL7 TechNews Technical Newsletter
Keep up-to-date with the "HL7 TechNews" newsletter on technical and tooling developments! It will give you regular updates on all technical HL7 matters around the globe, in particular new standards developments and tooling releases: